Richard Cleminson

ABSTRACT: Linking histories of anarchist sexual politics with poststructuralist theory and contemporary social movements, this essay offers an introduction to anarchism and sexuality. Additionally, it gives an overview of ten substantive chapters drawing on the disciplines of history, literature, geography, sociology and political theory to offer commentary on a range of issues related to the intersections of anarchism and sexuality.

At first sight, to ask how sex has been influenced by technology over time may appear to be a perplexing question. There is no doubt about the current importance of the new technologies of reproduction, sex-change operations, and the passion that electronic chat-rooms incite. However, it might be argued that this is a recent phenomenon and the past has little to reveal about "techno-sexual" relations. This book draws on a number of examples of "productive" relations between technology and sexuality: the technical and sexual organization of medieval monasteries, the moral and erotic transgression afforded by the early wind and water mill, and the romances forged in the context of the train. The authors focus on three main eras: the medieval period (around the eleventh century with its monasteries as sites of technical innovation and heretical religious movements on the borders of Christianity); early modernity (from the time of the European "discoveries"...

Este documento es el resultado del proyecto europeo del Programa Sócrates, Acción Comenius, cuyo como objetivo es difundir las experiencias del profesorado, centros educativos e instituciones que participan en proyectos internacionales sobre interculturalidad. El primer capítulo es una memoria del proyecto, con los objetivos, el proceso y las actividades más importantes; el segundo capítulo contiene visiones teóricas y aplicaciones prácticas, desde los marcos sociológico, pedagógico y legislativo; el tercero trata sobre la formación del profesorado en educación intercultural; el cuarto son experiencias e investigaciones educativas; el quinto está dedicado al pueblo gitano; y el último capítulo reúne las expectativas y esperanzas que surgen con la realización del proyecto. Incluye una reseña sobre cada uno de los autores.

This article examines the relationship between different expressions of psychological therapy, alternative movements such as anarchism, and the potential for revolutionary social and personal transformation. By drawing on the history of socio-political movements in different European countries in the early 20th century, we suggest that approaches to healthcare and to social and individual transformation have much to learn from what is generally a forgotten or underestimated past. While the circumstances that engendered radical movements dedicated to psychoanalysis, therapy, and social change were the product of specific contexts, the current precariousness of European health systems and the increasing incidence of psychological damage invite a critical look to the past for inspiration for our embattled present. Germany in the 1890s and Spain in the 1930s are focused upon in particular with these aims in mind. All translations from the original Spanish in this article are our own unl...

The article presents the historical sociology of two scandals referred to homosexuality, that took place in Spain at the end of the 19th century: the marriage of the son of the Dukes de la Torre, nullified by the sexual condition of the husband, and the so-called regulation of male prostitution in Cadiz, origin of the gay legend about this city

This article presents a historical synthesis in order to trace how the collective belief in the existence of hermaphrodites and sex-changes was slowly eroded in the changing medical and cultural context of Enlightenment Spain. In order to explain this change, three interlinked processes are outlined. First, the naturalization of the monster and the disappearance of the "marvellous" in Enlightenment science. Second, the consolidation of modern legal or forensic science and the rise of the medical specialist as the relevant authority in the determination of sexual identity. Third, the emergence of the notion of fundamental biological differences between the sexes. The article concludes by discussing the consequences of these shifts for early nineteenth-century Spanish medicine.

Abstract This article takes one representation of male homo-sexuality in Spain – the 'fairy' (or marica as he was often termed at the time)1 – in order to assess its importance with respect to framing other expressions of homosexuality and masculinity in general in the years 1850– ...

ABSTRACT This article explores the resonances of eugenics within the thought of the Nobel Prize winner Egas Moniz with a particular focus on his often republished volume A Vida Sexual. By providing an account that is both sensitive to national realities and international scientific influences, this paper argues that, while eugenics was not a major interest for Egas, the language of eugenics was present in his work and allowed for connections between the sexual sciences, neo-Malthusianism and medical hygiene. Although the analysis of one individual is no substitute for an extensive history of eugenics in any one country, the reception of eugenics in key figures of Portuguese science and medicine provides a useful barometer by which to judge the dissemination of eugenics in this national space. Este artigo explora as ressonâncias das ideias eugénicas no pensamento do prémio Nobel Egas Moniz, com particular ênfase no seu livro A Vida Sexual que conheceu múltiplas edições. Ao contextualizar quer as realidades nacionais quer as influências científicas internacionais, este trabalho defende que a linguagem da Eugenia, não sendo um assunto primordial para Egas Moniz, não deixou de estar presente no seu trabalho, permitindo ligar as ciências da sexualidade, o neomaltusianismo e a higiene médica. Ainda que a análise de um só indivíduo não substitua uma abordagem extensiva da história da Eugenia num dado país, a avaliação da recetividade às ideias eugénicas entre cientistas e médicos portugueses proeminentes constitui um barómetro da disseminação da Eugenia no espaço nacional.

ABSTRACT This new volume on the history of sexuality in Europe is ideal for the undergraduate who is beginning to explore the subject and for researchers who are keen to find material to buttress international and transnational connections between discourses and practices around sexuality in the twentieth century. Dagmar Herzog has made a concerted and wide-ranging attempt to produce an account of sexuality that provides interconnections between her multiple chosen subject areas and between the different regions within the geographical remit of this book series, which focuses on new approaches to European history. As such, the book should satisfy its intended audience and, what is more, should be of interest to readers of Modernism/Modernity. Any trepidation that may seize the reader upon picking up a book with such a broad remit is dispelled by the ease with which the author interweaves the relevant issues with the diverse range of countries covered. The substantive chapters of the book follow a strict chronological order, progressing from 1900 through to the present; the account is not, however, naively progressive. In line with Foucault’s and others’ suggestions on historical method and interpretation, Herzog’s story is one of tensions over sexual issues, revisions, reversions, some advances towards liberalization, and some returns to oppressive restrictions on the exercise of sexuality. The first chapter focuses on the cultural and scientific contexts in which sexuality was inserted from 1900 to 1914, presented by Herzog as a period of reconceptualization. New attitudes towards prostitution are understood within a broader frame of feminist struggles; the dangers that prostitution represented, its causes, and its sexological analysis are linked with the separation of sex from reproduction and with what Foucault has termed one of the innovations in the science of sex: eugenics. Notably clear in this chapter is its analysis of the increasing visibility of homosexuality, a trend resulting from a “feed-back loop” of activism, scandal, and scientific investigation (35–36). The second chapter sets changes in sexual discourse and practice within the paradigm of state intervention, and behaviors are viewed through the prisms of war, peace, masculinity, right- and left-wing authoritarian regimes, and changes in culture led by groundswell demands. While the role of the state in welcoming or rejecting certain changes is highlighted, and while the variability of sexuality across supposed national divides is clearly illustrated, the chapter reads less like an analysis of state intervention and more like a general account of the years between and including the two world wars. The reasons behind state acceptance or opposition to issues like abortion or homosexuality remain less clear in this chapter. The third chapter is useful for its analysis of the postwar conservatism that arose after the European catastrophe, and continuing Herzog’s analysis of left- and right-wing interpretations of the Nazi period in Germany, it eloquently interrogates the embattled “return to morality” and its consequences for sexuality. The tensions in such a conundrum, however, once more allow the author to avoid a simple regressive account: British postwar conservatism and promotion of domestic harmony was matched by the search for romance and for reciprocal pleasure between men and women. Nevertheless, continuities between the Italian Fascist Party’s ban on birth control methods—which was not rescinded until the 1960s—and the ongoing repression of homosexuality are mobilized to subdue any simplistic, progressive story. The fourth chapter continues against the backdrop of progressive and regressive change by analyzing the fate of homosexuality in diverse European scenarios. It recalls, for example, that change was in the wind in Britain but not in Spain in the 1960s. The rise of consumer culture and “quick-fix” liberation is charted across European countries, as are the critique of compulsory heterosexuality and new models of masculinity and femininity. The fall of communism, the rise of individualized sexual and romantic personal economies, the challenges of Islam, and the battle between liberality and new conservatism occupy the pages of the fifth chapter. Despite the wide range of topics covered across several European nations, there are (inevitably) some gaps. Although a huge effort has been made to cover a broad spread of European countries (Slovakia and Portugal are mentioned more than once), most...

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el impacto de las ideas del Dr. Angel Martín de Lucenay ex-presadas en su libro «Homosexualidad» de 1933. Rechazando una división tajante entre lo «experto» y lo «popular» y refiriéndose a las teorías de la construcción del co- ...

These two companion texts are an attempt to capture the life and work of one of the many unsung female participants in the early twentieth-century labour movement in Spain. The author, Antonina Rodrigo, has an extensive track record of publications on women who participated in the ...

RESUMEN Este artículo breve explora los limites de la Bohemia y sus posibles conexiones con la disidencia sexual. Argumenta que los linderos borrosos de la Bohemia se ven refleiados en prácticas y discursos sexuales transgresivos en España y en otros países hacia el fin de ...

Después de los estudios sobre los monstruos por autores como Claude Kappler, Lorraine Daston y Katherine Park 1, debidamente citados en este libro, es difícil imaginarse qué aportación novedosa se puede hacer a este campo de estudios conocido a partir del siglo XVIII como la ...

... Eugenics and progressive thought: A study in ideological Page 3. Dr. Enrique Diego Madrazo, socialism and scientific progress 223 ... 179-204. The articles by Álvaro Girón Sierra have traced links between socio-biological thought and anarchism in Spain. See GIRÓN SIERRA. ...

The title of this book reflects an issue that was close to the heart of the Spanish endocrinologist, sexologist and historian of science, Gregorio Marañón. For Marañón, following in the steps of the problematic and contradictory legacy of the Enlightenment and by ...

... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/14636200903400231 RichardCleminson ... View all references xxvi), the identification of the dangerousness of homosexuality for the individual and for society as a whole (Cleminson “The Review Sexualidad”; Sinclair56. ...

... Indeed, rather than answering all the questions about the life of Hildegart, the Spanish Liga and Aurora, Alison Sinclair's volume poses fresh inquiries and is suggestive for future research. What was the fate of the Spanish Liga ...

Historically, the anarchist movement has placed great emphasis on the personal and the political and the desire to liberate sexual expression. This was no less the case in the Spanish anarchist movement during the first decades of this century. By analyzing one influential anarchist journal of the time, the Revista Blanca, this essay examines the treatment of same-sex eroticism by some Spanish anarchists and attempts to place their understanding and treatment of this in the context of the time. This essay can be viewed as a point of departure for further necessary work on Spanish anarchist views of same-sex sexuality.

For many people the popular image of the anarchist is hardly one of a person interested in nurturing better health and health care. Nevertheless, as with many stereotypes, this negative view is some distance from the truth. The main contention of this two-part feature is that Spanish ...

... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/14636200903186947 Alfredo Martínez-Expósito ... 1898–1936)” se revisa la versión española del síndrome decadente que a fines del XIX afectó a varias naciones europeas ya su relación con un pánico homosexual que ...

... In this collection of papers, that of Richard Cleminson addresses a number of issues pertinent to the question of the relation between elite and ... Jean Andrews takes up the thread of discourse on and of women in her paper contrasting officially approved images of the feminine in ...

... Indeed, Magnan and the psychiatrist Jean-Martin Charcot were to write a celebrated piece on a case of “inversion du sens génital” in 1882 ... the concept of childhood as subject to dangers, in the “arroyo” or bustling city street but also in sexual terms, see Cleminson and Vázquez ...

For many people the popular image of the anarchist is hardly one of a person interested in nurturing better health and health care. Nevertheless, as with many stereotypes, this negative view is some distance from the truth. The main contention of this two-part feature is that Spanish ...

Current historiography has considered eugenics to be an emanation from state structures or a movement which sought to appeal to the state in order to implement eugenic reform. This paper examines the limitations of that view and argues that it is necessary to expand our horizons to consider particularly working-class eugenics movements that were based on the dissemination of knowledge about sex and which did not aspire to positions of political power. The paper argues that anarchism, with its contradictory practice afforded by the convulsive social situation of the Civil War in Spain, allows us to assess critically the parameters of the social action of eugenics, its many alliances, and its struggle for existence in changing political circumstances not of its own making.

TO MANY CONTEMPORARIES, the resolutions on prostitution and other matters associated with sexuality adopted by the World League for Sexual Reform (WLSR) seemed bold, but some political radicals—Marxists and anarchists alike—criticized the WLSR for what they saw ...

... Making sense of the body: anarchism, nudism and subjective experience. Autores: RichardCleminson; Localización: Bulletin of Spanish Studies: Hispanic Studies and Research on Spain, Portugal and Latin America, ISSN 1475-3820, Vol. 81, Nº 6, 2004 , págs. 697-716. ...